The center also has the system's work trains, including a diesel locomotive that can fetch broken trains. By having components in reserve, trains can have shorter maintenance times. The most common repairs are the grinding of the wheels more complicated repairs are made by replacing entire components that are sent to the manufacturer. Other aspects of the system, such a power supply, ventilation, security alarms, cameras and pumps, are controlled by a system called "control, regulating and surveillance". The ATC is designed so that only the ATP is safety-critical, and will halt trains if the other systems have faults. The ATS monitors all components of the network, including the rails and all trains on the system, and displays a live schematic at the control center. The ATO is the autopilot that drives the trains in line with a pre-defined schedule, ensures that the train stop at stations and operates the doors. The system has been designed and built by Union Switch & Signal. The system uses fixed block signaling, except around stations, where moving block signaling is used. The ATP is responsible for managing the trains' speed, ensuring that doors are closed before departure and that switches are correctly set. The automatic train control (ATC) consists of three subsystems: automatic train protection (ATP), automatic train operation (ATO) and automatic train supervision (ATS). The systems are controlled by a fully automated computer system, located at the control and maintenance center. Trains are fully compatible with platform screen doors, which are found at all stations in Brescia, Rome and Milan, Copenhagen, and Thessaloniki. The trains' top speeds are 80 to 105 km/h (50 to 65 mph), with an acceleration and deceleration capacity of 1.3 m/s 2 (4.3 ft/s 2). They transform the 750-volt (1,500 V in Rome) direct current collected from the third rail shoe to the three-phase alternating current used in the motors. In each car, the two motors are fed by the car's own insulated-gate bipolar transistor. The three and four-car trains have six three-phase asynchronous motors per train, with each motor giving a power output of 105 and 128 kW (141 and 172 hp), giving each train a power output of 630 or 764 kW (845 or 1,025 hp). The vehicles are designed by Giugiaro Design. Each car has two doors on each side, which are 1.3 m (4 ft 3 + 1⁄ 8 in) wide and 1.945 m (6 ft 4 + 5⁄ 8 in) tall. They are 2.65 m (8 ft 8 + 3⁄ 8 in) wide, except the Rome Metro units which are 2.85 meters (9 ft 4 + 1⁄ 4 in) wide, and the Honolulu Rail Transit units which are 10 ft (3,048 mm) wide to comply with Federal Railroad Administration regulations. For the other systems, the units vary between three and six cars, making the trains from 39 to 109 m (127 ft 11 + 3⁄ 8 in to 357 ft 7 + 3⁄ 8 in) long. The trains used on the Princess Nora bint Abdul Rahman University system are 2-car units.
The number of cars varies across the different systems where they are used.
The rolling stock uses standardized car bodies, articulated together. The systems are fully automated, consisting of automatic train protection (ATP), automatic train operation (ATO) and automatic train supervision.
Each car has a power output of 210 or 256 kilowatts (282 or 343 hp), fed from a third rail at 750 volts (except in Rome where it is 1,500 V overhead line). The rolling stock consists of two to six articulated cars which operate on standard gauge. The first system to use this class of driverless electric multiple units was the Copenhagen Metro which was opened in 2002. Manufactured by Hitachi Rail Italy (formerly AnsaldoBreda) and Hitachi Rail STS (former name Ansaldo STS) in Italy, it is or will be used on the Copenhagen Metro, Princess Nora bint Abdul Rahman University, the Brescia Metro, the Thessaloniki Metro, Line 5 and Line 4 of the Milan Metro, Line C of the Rome Metro, Honolulu on the HART system, and the Yellow Line of the Taipei Metro. The Hitachi Rail Italy Driverless Metro is a class of driverless electric multiple units and corresponding signaling system. Hitachi Rail Italy (formerly AnsaldoBreda)ġ,500 V DC overhead catenary (Rome and Lima)ġ,435 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 1⁄ 2 in) standard gauge
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